Pink Fire Pointer June 2012

The Abstract Expressionism Movement - The Evolution of Abstract Art

                        The Abstruse Expressionism Movement, additionally alleged the New York School was alone an American abstruse art movement that mainstreamed in New York City in the aeon afterward the Second World War. This movement was cogent in the faculty that it was the ancient American movement to acknowledge non-dependence on European styles and to get a amplitude all over the globe. It additionally enabled New York City to alter Paris as the art hub. Above-mentioned to its advertence to American art, "abstract expressionism" was a appellation acclimated in the Berlin journal called 'Der Sturm', in 1919.

Arshile Gorky played an important role in inducing The Abstruse Expressionism Movement. The abstruse art works produced during the aeon of this movement are advised to be a aggregate of assertive beheld aspects of abstruse European schools like Futurism, Synthetic Cubism and Bauhaus with the self-expression and affecting backbone of German Expressionism. Though this abstruse art was a admixture of a cardinal of styles, its basal aesthetics was to look and seek out answers for questions apropos to animal existence.

There are abounding similarities of appearance amid abstruse expressionism art and the assignment of Russian artists of the aboriginal 1900's, the best arresting actuality Wassily Kandinsky. The abstruse art from this aeon of the movement is generally characterised by giving the consequence of actuality produced in an act of aesthetic spontaneity. The assignment of antecedents of the movement such as Kandinsky, Kunz and afterwards Rothko dealt with the announcement of capacity including adherence and the subconscious. However, accurate planning and acquainted anticipation was generally complex in creating the abounding of the able-bodied accepted works of art which ascertain this aeon of the expressionist movement.

In the 1930's in North America, above-mentioned to the boilerplate accepting of abstruse art, amusing accuracy art had been the arresting brand of art. Mexican amusing realists such as Diego Rivera and David Alfaro Siqueiros calm with the Great Depression acerb afflicted the accepting and boundless acceptance of this almost abbreviate lived movement. Preceding the Second World War in the United States there arose a time of political sensitivity. Due this change in the political altitude amusing beef fabricated through art would no best be tolerated. In American association an aesthetic exhaustion had opened and the abstruse expressionism movement arose into the mainstream, showcasing at above galleries in New York such as The Art of This Century Gallery. The abstruse expressionist movement advance rapidly absolute the aristocratic art association of the United States through its above aesthetic communities such including the San Francisco Bay breadth and California.

During the aeon of The Abstruse Expressionism Movement, several artists started experimenting with shapes and colour. They bankrupt abroad from what was advised to be artistic, accepted painting and corrective complete canvases in blue, orange or added colours. Dripping, splattering and big besom acclamation were appropriate appearance of Abstruse Expressionist Art. The artists of this aeon adopted beyond canvases positioned on the attic over canvases that were board apprenticed and moderate. The focus of abstruse art aural the expressionism movement was not the assuming of altar but the assuming of emotions.

In the ample sense, Abstruse Expressionism was of two streams - Colour Acreage Painting and Action Painting. Colour acreage painting came up in the alpha of the 1960's and complex application appearance and colour to actualize religious serene paintings that were bare of adumbrative accountable substance. The agreement of colour acreage works were huge coloured areas with no forms or signs. Helen Frankenthaler, Mark Rothko and Ellsworth Kelly were some painters associated with this blazon of painting. Action Painting was a painting beck that arose above-mentioned to Colour Acreage Painting (between the 1940s and 1950s) and accomplished by artists such as Jackson Pollock, Willem de Kooning and Franz Kline. The active force for the works of these painters was generally advised to be the painters' body and activity energy.

Abstract Expressionist Art appeared to be defiant, appropriate and radical, and to some, nihilistic. The movement attenuated in the 1960s while added movements such as minimalism and pop art arose in action to it. Despite the movement accident importance, a acceptable cardinal of abstruse expressionist painters connected afterward its appropriate painting appearance for abounding added years. In addition, this art movement greatly afflicted how some American artists of afterwards ancestors acclimated abstracts and colour in their Abstruse Art. Artists from the Abstruse Expressionism Movement generally created their artwork Art Supplies such as Stretched Canvases or on sections of un-stretched bare canvas which were afterwards army on Stretcher Bars afterwards the artwork was completed.






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Western Painting - American Figurative Expressionism - An Added Edge to Expressionism

American Figurative Expressionism - The History

Expressionism is a subjective art form, where the artists distort the reality to bring out their emotional angst. This was not a movement in history with a distinctive start and end, but a mannerism, where sporadic creativity results, often without a pre-conceived subject or imagery. During 1950s, when Abstract Expressionism was prevalent in America, few artists returned to figurative imagery. This was the beginning of Figurative Expressionism, when artists used their existing Abstract ways to add figures to their paintings. This movement took centre stage in the art history post World War II.

The Details

Owing to its opposition to Impressionism, Expressionists worked with jarring colors to create a sheer visual representation of objects. The art style varied from using thick lines to bringing out the shape of the object, to merging figures into the background and leaving it to the observer to visualize the same. No attempt was ever made to create an atheistically pleasing impression. The idea was to let the painting unfold itself into their heartfelt vivid emotions. Painting was considered an active physical activity, which would result in pleasant surprises, not a meditative process with intellectual undertaking. A typical figurative work used bold colors to create a 2-dimensional perspective of dissolute distorted forms.

The Correlations

Pure Abstract Expressionists did not accept Figurative, as it had the elements of representational art. Similarly, Contemporary Art considered it too Abstract for Realism. Despite all conflicts, American Figurative Expressionism is a distinct head in art history.

The Artists and the Artworks

The earliest presence of Figurative Expressionism was found in the paintings of Edward Munch (Norwegian - 1863-1944) and Vincent van Gogh (Dutch - 1853-90). Van Gogh's 'The Starry Night' (1889), which showed his emotional angst in his days of confinement in a mental institution, is one of the finest examples of the then simmering Figurative Expressionism.

Based on areas and styles, this movement can be graded into the following:

o Early American Figurative (1930s-40s) - Artists, such as Max Weber (Polish-American 1881-1961), Milton Avery (American 1885-1965), and Edwin Dickinson (American 1891-1978), purged various themes related to spirituality, myth, and literature into Early American Figurative Expressionism.
o New York Figurative Expressionism (1950s-65) - It was marked by the famous Post World War II American Figurative, such as Robert Beauchamp (1923-95), Elaine de Kooning (1918-89), Willem de Kooning (1904-97), Robert Goodnough (born 1917), Grace Hartigan (1922-2008), Lester Johnson (born 1919), Alex Katz (born 1927), George McNeil (1909-95), Jan Muller (1922-58), Jackson Pollock (1912-56), Fairfield Porter (1907-75), Larry Rivers (1923-2002), and Bob Thompson (1937-66). Although there were vast distinctions in their subject and styles of expression, the general trend was towards defying rules of Abstract Expressionism through a representational use of figures.
o Boston Figurative Expressionism - Due to extensive migration in Boston from Central Europe post World War II, its Figurative Expressionist style was closer to German Expressionism. Major Boston Figurative Expressionists included Karl Zerbe (1903-72), Hyman Bloom (born 1913), Jack Levine (born 1915), David Aronson (born 1923), and Philip Guston (1913-80), some of whom were of Jewish background. Paintings of this region carried the post war anxiety.
o West Coast Figurative Expressionism (1950-65) - It was prominent in San Francisco and Bay Area. Elmer Bischoff (1916-91), David Park (1911-60), Paul Wonner (1920-2008), and Joan Brown (1938-92) were the key players.
o Contemporary American Figurative Expressionism - Miriam Beerman, Sherman Drexler, Sideo Fromboluti, Grace Hartigan, Robert Henry, Oliver Jackson, Lester Johnson, Vera Klement, Irving Kriesberg, Jay Milder, Nathan Oliviera, Nora Speyer, Selina Trieff, and Paul Wonner are still contributing to it with undiminished spirit.

Conclusion

American Figurative Expressionism gave a new dimension to Expressionism in art forms, by increasing the viewer's participation in its style and subject. It has successfully recorded the angst and happening in America in those turbulent times. In the 21st century, the subject matter involves more Realism, but Figurative Expressionism continues to inspire artists to use brushed surfaces for figures.






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Western Painting - Expressionism - A New Approach to Creativity in the 20th and 21st Century

Expressionism - Concept
Rich artworks, thick brush strokes, compelling, and conveying the personal 'feelings' & 'emotions,' rather than physicality, with a dint of 'Symbolism' is considered in the world of painting as 'Expressionism.' In this style of Western Painting, the stress lies upon story idea and colors, rather than on the finer visual details of the object.

History
In the early 20th century, German Art witnessed a revolution in the form of Expressionism. In 1910, Czech art historian Antonín Matejcek used the term first time as an antonym of Impressionism. This painting style was developed to counter German Positivism, Naturalism, and Impressionism. Expressionism manifested its best through the groups Die Brücke of Munich and Der Blaue Reiter of Dresden.

Expressionists:
The earlier era saw some famous Expressionists, such as Wassily Kandinsky, Paul Klee, Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, Otto Dix, Alexei von Jawlensky, Egon Schiele, Oskar Kokoschka, and Max Beckmann. Great painter Vincent van Gogh used the term 'Post-Impressionist' for his painting, which actually was a form of 'Expressionism' only.

Expressionism - The Correlation
Expressionism had the influence of other art forms, such as Post-Impressionism, African Art, and French Fauvism, on the emotional wavelength capture. However, bold brush strokes and a vivid use of bright colors, making the paintings look loud, violent, and jarring, remained explicit to Expressionism only. Edvard Munch's 'The Scream' is one of the earliest and the most prominent Expressionist works. Usually dark, gloomy, and full of pessimism, Expressionism rarely showed any positive emotions or optimism. Therefore, Expressionist painters gave vent to their emotions and crude inner self on the canvas through their work. It would serve as a sort of art therapy for them.

Expressionism - Types

o Abstract Expressionism: It is an innovative form of Modern Art. More dynamic, Abstract Expressionism is very less representational. American Expressionists, such as Jackson Pollock and Willem De Kooning and the Color-Field painters, like Mark Rothko, Barnett Newman, and Clyfford Still pioneered Abstract Expressionism in New York, in 1950s.

o Neo-Expressionism: The wave of Neo-Expressionist art emerged in America, Britain, Germany, Italy, and France in 1980s. In every country, a Neo- Expressionist group was formed, such as in America it included Philip Guston and Julian Schnabel, while New Spirit Painting was formed with Paula Rego and Christopher Le Brun in Britain. In Germany, Neue Wilden (New Waves), in Italy Transavanguardia (beyond the avant-garde), and Figuration Libre in France, were other key Neo-Expressionist groups or forms.

o Miscellaneous: New York Figurative Expressionism, Tachisme (1940s-50s), Bay Area Figurative Movement (1950-65), and Lyrical Abstraction (1960s-70s) are some other wings of the very prolific Expressionism.

Expressionist style was always new, unique, and modern in essence. It always sought to balance the countering tangents of the same exponent, such as past and future, static and dynamic, and individual and society. Owing to its vivid and expressive span, Expressionism continues to stay as a prominent fraction of the art faculty. Literature, theatre, film, architecture, and music too have Expressionist wings in their own right.






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